Types of Tourism and Transportation

Types of Tourism 

Tourism has  been an integral to the economy and society in many countries. Therefore, it becomes very important to know the types of tourism that are popular within the  country and also abroad. following are some of the types of tourism.

1. Recreational tourism: The activities of this tourism are mostly related to body and mind. It is also concerned with relaxation, rest and excitement. It is often snow, sand, sun, sea and sex (5s) promoted by beautiful color pictures. This is centralized in big cities, such as night clubs casino and many other recreational areas. Pleasure/holiday tourists prefer to spend time in this tourism, and money is not considered a constraint depending upon the individual interest and desire. Recreation/pleasure tourist prefer to go lass Vegas, Disney land , etc.  

2.  Adventure tourism: This type of  tourism is mostly organized in adventurous places and remote areas where tourists enjoy exciting new experience and ideas, such as trekking, rafting, mountain climbing, bungee jumping etc. Usually this  type of tourism is more popular among the youths.

3. Business Tourism: This is the major part of the overall tourism business, which is much related  to professional works (entrepreneurial role) of the tourist for trade and commerce. In these tourism activities, tourists/trading companies are located, such as international banks, shopping centers, business house, tour and travel agencies, hotels, catering industry, etc. These tourists  have been motivated to attend grand convention complex for business meeting and seminar by private  and public sectors. these travelers may require to same facilities and services as recreational tourists within the limited time, and their capacity of spending money is also  higher.

4. Religious tourism: This type of Tourism  involves visits to pilgrims to attain salvation, religious charity deeds or religious merits. People, who are spiritually guided to visit  pilgrimages, are usually determined by their religion and belief. For example, large number of people from Europe pay with to Rome (Italy), considering it their pious birth places. Similarly, the Buddhists pay visit to Lumbini, The Hindus are guided visit one of the four holy shrines   in one's lifetime and the Muslim pay visit to Mecca and Madina. 

5. Sports Tourism: This is related to various sports events that consist of programs and activities for the visit specific purpose of promoting the practice of sports/game by the players and professional. People Perform such activities to attain extreme and exotic pleasure. It needs physical efforts and skills, such as golf, tennis, car racing, driving , horse riding, fishing, wind surfing, etc. Duration of the stay in this tourism as the spot is shorter than other tourism.

6. Historical Tourism: This tourism mainly deals with the magnificence of the gone by days the main purpose  of this type of tourism is to see the ancient civilization. Such as archaeological remains, historical monuments, proto historical development, etc. Such as tourism is tourism is very popular in  Egypt where more than one millions tourist visit Cairo to see the pyramids. They also visit to see the museums and historical places there.

7. Environment/Eco-tourist: Eco is prefix that is concerned with the environment. Eco-tourism is becoming very popular in the present time. It is to see and observe man-land relationship, biological diversity, landscape, topography, wild life, etc. In Makes the possibility of reaching to such attractive destination by means of copy and reasonable transportation system, such as:

Water Transportation

Transport by water can be an attraction in itself whether you are travelling on a cruise ship in the Mediterranean or on a ferry between Wellington and Picton. Travelling by water has been more popular as tourists seek to avoid the frustrations of air travel with its airport delays, congestion and the lack of comfort in the air (unless travelling first class!). Cruising has undergone a revival and all forms of recreational pursuits on the water including yachting and jet boating have expanded to fulfil this demand.

Air

Advances in aviation technology has meant that travel by air is now relatively safe, economical, quick and reasonably comfortable. The development of the jet airliner after World War II to the first jumbo jet, the Boeing 747 in 1970 led to rapid falls in seat cost per passenger kilometre. The advances have continued with the Airbus ‘super jumbo’ A380 a double-decker aircraft seating between 550-800 passengers enters service in late 2007 with Singapore Airlines operating the aircraft on the London -Singapore – Sydney route.

There are two basic type of air transport operation:

1. Scheduled services

2. Charter services

Scheduled services operate on defined routes, domestic or international, for which licences have been granted by the governments concerned. The airline must operate on the basis of their timetable regardless of the passenger loading.

Fully state owned carriers such as Singapore Airlines and the Emirates are known as the national flag-carriers. Even when the carrier has been privatised as in the case of British Airways the airline is still seen as the national flag carrier. Air New Zealand was privatised but after the 9/11 disaster 80 per cent of the carrier was returned into public ownership. Air transport is very important to the national economy of a country and a government will often assist in times of crisis.

Low Cost Airlines LCA’s or LCLF (low cost low fare) carriers has been a major development in scheduled services in the last decade. A total of 80 million people travelled on European no-frills carriers in 2004 up from 47 million in 2003. These airlines create a cost-competitive advantage by using some of the following means:

• operate from secondary airports which have lower landing fees and are less congested allowing quicker turnarounds and more flights

• operate on high density, short-haul routes with one class of seating

• charge passengers for food, drink and entertainment

• sell only via the Internet

• tickets are inflexible – generally non-refundable

• not operating frequent flying programmes and keeping airport passenger services to a minimum

Charter services do not operate according to a published timetable and so do not have to operate with uneconomical loadings. They are not advertised or promoted by the airlines themselves as they are usually charted by intermediaries – usually tour operators. Many charter flights are sold as part of a package holiday in which the price paid includes flights, accommodation and other services.. Such packages are frequently cheaper than regular schedule airline fares. Furthermore charter airlines frequently operate on routes, or to airports, where there is no scheduled service. Much of the traffic through small and medium sized airports in the United Kingdom consists of charter flights, and the survival of these airports often depends on the airline landing fees they get from the charter companies.

Although charter airlines typically carry passengers who have booked individually or as small groups to beach resorts, historic towns, or cities where a cruise ship is awaiting them, sometimes an aircraft will be chartered by a single group such as members of a company, a sports team, or to travel to a major event.

Many airlines operating regular scheduled services (i.e., for which tickets are sold directly to passengers) have set up charter divisions, though these have not always proved competitive with the specialist charter . In New Zealand, Freedom Air was established by the Mount Cook Group in response to the competition from the charter airline, Kiwi Air (went in to voluntary liquidation in 1996). Freedom Air now operates as a scheduled airline from smaller airports eg Dunedin and Hamilton. The economics of charter flights demand that the flights should operate on the basis of near 100% seat occupancy.

Land Transportation

Land transportation can be used for travelling from home to a host destination, within the destination and between the host destinations.

Motorcars

Tourists can use privately owned cars for independent and flexible holidays both domestic and international. They can take day excursions or longer trips. The explosion in private car ownership has changed the tourism industry by establishing a need for motels, bed and breakfasts, home stays, roadside cafes and car ferry services particularly in Europe.

The car rental business is divided into two categories, the large international companies e.g. Hertz, Avis, Budget and the small, locally based companies. The larger companies will have contracts with airports and railways maintaining a desk at the location for easier collection of vehicles, links with airlines and hotels, (some large hotel chains offering desk space in their reception area) and access to their business through a computer reservation system (CRS) and website.

Rail
Rail travel has declined in popularity because of the rise in ownership of private vehicles, the advent of jet aircraft and the failure of rail operators around the world to adapt to changing tourists needs. The Orient Express (www.orient-expresstrains.com), the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Tranz Alpine railway (www.tranzscenic.co.nz) are all well known for their sight seeing appeal and are attractions in their own right. Rail can provide efficient links between airports and city centres and can carry large numbers of passengers and luggage. E.g. London, Frankfurt, Paris and Rome. Trains often have an advantage over coach travel as they are a lot faster. Inter-city express services operate in Britain, Europe, U.S.A. and Japan. For rail travel within a city, tourists tend to travel by underground trains such as the ‘Tube’ in London, Le Metro in Paris and the ‘Bart’ in San Francisco, Hong Kong, Singapore, Rome and Prague also have their own underground rail systems. Tickets offering unlimited travel by train, marketed to inbound tourists and only sold prior to departure, have boosted sales of rail travel. These included Eurailpasses in Europe and Britrail pass in Britain.

Campervans
These are becoming increasingly popular both in New Zealand and overseas especially in the USA where more than 25 million Americans make use of them each year. While not cheap to hire, they have the advantage of flexibility and independence providing both transportation and accommodation.

Coach

Coach operations can be categorised as follows:

• express coach services, domestic and international

• private hire services

• tour and excursion operations

• transfer services

Greyhound in the USA is one of the most famous inter city express coach operators but must compete with budget airlines and AMTRAK rail services for its customers. In New Zealand, the Intercity bus service operates between major cities. Coaches can be hired by groups to travel to special events e.g. Millbrook concerts or for educational purposes e.g. tourism students educational tours. Escorted package tours are the most visible use of coaches in the travel industry where there is a combination of accommodation, sightseeing by coach and transportation between cities. E.g. Trafalgar Tours, Contiki Tours. The majority of coaching holidays are booked by the over-45s. City sightseeing tours for half-day or full-day are usually undertaken by coaches or mini-buses. They can be specialised coaches such as London’s double-decker buses or open-decked used in Auckland.

Transfers from airports to hotels are often by provided coach transportation especially when the distance makes the cost of travelling by taxi prohibitive. Some accommodation providers will also provide complimentary transfers by mini-coach or they will be included in the cost of the package holiday.

Actually, Most of the Tourism activities are concerned with transport, Facility. People, Who have been travelling away from home, spend a major percentage of budget in their fare. In research shows that a tourist spends around 40% of budget on fare. The tourist attraction, which are situated near tourist generating markets, and are linked b by a network of efficient transport, receive the maximum number of tourists. For example Chitwan National park receive more tourists than national parks which lacks efficient transport service and facilities