Introduction of Tourism

Concept and Meaning of tourism
                     The word tourism is derived from the franch word 'Tourism' literally means to tour and travel. tourism is the process of temporary movement in the particular destination undertaken by the human that starts from one point and ultimately ends at the point where one started the journey from. it is a phenomenon of human character related to tour and travelling at a particular area, locality sites, places etc. but travelling without any reason for temporary stay is not termed as tourism. It is something about people who travel away from their familiar home environment for many reasons. In order to know the meaning of tourism, one should also know the simple ideology of 'Tour'.
Tour
The word 'Tour' is derived from the Latin 'Tornare'    and the Greek  'Tornos' meaning 'a lathe or circle, the movement around a central point or axis. Like a circle, a tour represent a journey that is a round trip, i.e. the act of leaving and then returning to the original starting point, and therefore, one who takes such as journey can be called a tourist. The word tourism came to be added in the English dictionary only after 19th century. According  to the Tourism Society Of the Kingdom, "Tourism is the temporary movement of people to destination outside of the places where they normally live and work, and their Activities during their stay at these destination".
 In 1942 two Swiss professor, Walter Hunziker   and Kurt kraft  defined tourism as, "Tourism is the sum of phenomenon and relationship arising from the travel and stay of nonresident, in so far as they do not lead to permanent resident and are not connected with any  earning activities. "
In 1968, International Union of Official Tourist Organization (IUOTO)  and  World Tourism Organization (WTO)  defined tourism and tourist as – "The tourist are temporary visitors staying at least  24 hours in the country visited and tourism is the living activities at the spotlight. " The purpose of journey can be classified in the following headings.
1. Leisure: Tourist/visitors are those who travel to destination with a reason to spend time to get  enjoyment and entertainment, and working nothing in professional way. The activities of the movement may be planned and managed as per the likes and interest for pleasure and fun of individual desire. For example, recreation , holiday, health, study, religions, sports, education, etc.
2. Business:  Tourists/visitors are those who travel to destinations with a reason to spend time a get optional enjoyment and entertainment, and working something in professional way. For example business meeting, convention, conference, seminar, any special mission etc.

Mr. Valen L. Smith's definition is internationally recognized, particularly in the academic sphere. According to him. " A tourist is temporally leisured person who voluntarily visit a places away from home for experiencing a change. "
 A United nation conference held in Rome in 1963, on  "International Travel and Tourism"  had recommended the word visitors in  two difference categories:
• Tourist
• Excursionist
Tourist are the people who travel to destination for a verity of a reasons and spend more than 24 hours and less than one year consecutively. Excursionist is a temporary visitors, staying less  than 24 hours in the destination visited and not staying overright.
Meaning of Tourist
• Tourist are an important mass of people who generate economic activities.
• Tourist must spend a minimum of 24 hours and non more than 24 hours destination visited and non exceeding  1 year consecutively.
• Tourist must undertake tour during leisure for pleasure.
• Tourist must spend the money earned in their local place of residence. Hence, Tourists must not earn in the destination visited.
• Tourist are one of those parts of the economy that use service such as accommodation, food and beverage , transportations and recreation.
• Tourists are those visitors who seek to get away from their home/place for a change.
• The destination visited should be purely temporary in nature and not for the purpose of permanent residence and employment.
• Tourist are those people who are able to receive the tourist activities/amenities and possess the capacity to pay for their targeted trip.
  Since 1963, almost all world nations adopted the term visitors, tourist, traveler, concerned with all the individuals making a trip between two or more geographic locations either in their country of residence or between countries. on basis of national and regional boundaries, They are classified into three types.
• The domestic tourist/tourism: People who travel within their own regional boundaries of the same country are categorized as domestic tourist. This tourist spends a certain amount of time away from his normal place of residence, but is still within the country where he or she lives.
2.  The regional tourist/tourism: This is also known as territorial tourism, the people who travel from permanent resident to regional/province places of the same country. where the states/regions are politically separated by the country, they are categorized as regional tourist/tourism.
3. The International tourist/tourism: People who travel to another country crossing the boundary are categorized as international(foreign) tourist.
Tourism has also been categorized on bases of inward and outward activities of the tourists from and to the destination crossing the national boundaries. They are,
1.In-bound tourism: It is also known as 'respective' tourism and is concerned with receiving the tourist. in fact international/foreign tourist in other countries are referred to as inbounded tourism.
2.Out-bound tourism: It is also known as passive tourism. outbound tourism is to sell tours outside the country . In fact while departing tourist setting off for another countries are referred to as inbound tourism.
The basis of country boundaries for tourism activities is conceptually defined "In bound tourism " and  "out –bound tourism" international tourists arriving in another country are referred to as in-bound tourist, while departing tourists setting off  for another country are out-bound tourist.
Tourism is concerned with providing the following supplies:  
• Package tour/travel (holiday and pre-paid tour arrangement)
• Transportation (air craft, Train, ship, bus, coach, limo, car, auto, taxi etc.)
• Accommodation (hotel lodge, guesthouse, rest house,   etc)
• food and beverage (restaurant,  bar, café, pub, cafeteria, etc)
• Recreation and health (club, yoga center, etc)
• Cultural and special events (folk cultural show, festival events  etc)
• Theme parks and sporting activities (botanical garden, sports center etc)
• Shopping and souvenir (super market, curio stall, handicraft shop, etc)
• Information and assistance (tourist related offices, whole sellers, agencies, etc)